Downhole Chemical Jekiseni Mitsetse-Nei Vachikundikana

Downhole Chemical Injection Lines-Nei Vachikundikana?Zvakaitika, Zvinetso uye Kushandiswa kweNzira Itsva dzekuedza

Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers

Abstract

Statoil iri kushanda minda yakati wandei uko downhole inoenderera jekiseni re scale inhibitor inoiswa.Chinangwa ndechekudzivirira yekumusoro tubing uye vharafu vharafu kubva (Ba/Sr) SO4orCaCO;chikero, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kudzvanya pamwe kwakaoma uye kunodhura kuita nguva nenguva, semuenzaniso kusungirirana kweminda yepasi pegungwa.

Kuenderera mberi jekiseni re scale inhibitor downhole imhinduro yakakodzera tekinoroji kuchengetedza yekumusoro tubing uye vharafu rekuchengetedza mumatsime ane chiyero chepamusoro pamusoro pepaki yekugadzira;kunyanya mumatsime asingade kusvinwa nguva nenguva nekuda kwekukura kwenzvimbo munzvimbo yetsime iri pedyo.

Kugadzira, kushanda uye kuchengetedza mitsara yejekiseni yemakemikari inoda kutarisisa zvakanyanya pakusarudza zvinhu, kufanirwa kwemakemikari uye kutarisa.Dzvinyiriro, tembiricha, kuyerera-mitemo uye geometry yegadziriro inogona kuunza matambudziko pakushanda kwakachengeteka.Zvinetso zvakaonekwa mumakiromita akati wandei 'mitsetse yejekiseni refu kubva kunzvimbo yekugadzira kusvika kune subsea template uye mumajekiseni mavharuvhu pasi mumatsime.

Zviitiko zvemumunda zvinoratidza kuomarara kwemajekiseni epasi pegomba maererano nekunaya uye nyaya dzekuora zvinokurukurwa.Zvidzidzo zverabhoritari uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro matsva emakemikari qualification a inomiririrwa.Zvinodikanwa zvezviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadziriswa.

Nhanganyaya

Statoil iri kushanda minda yakati wandei uko downhole risingaperi jekiseni remakemikari rakaiswa.Izvi zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira jekiseni re scale inhibitor(SI) apo chinangwa chiri chekudzivirira yekumusoro tubing uye downhole security valve(DHSV) kubva (Ba/Sr) SO4orCaCO;scale.Mune zvimwe zviitiko emulsion breaker inobaiwa mugomba kuti utange kupatsanurwa kwakadzika mutsime sezvinobvira pane imwe tembiricha yepamusoro.

Kuenderera mberi jekiseni re scale inhibitor downhole imhinduro yakakodzera tekinoroji kuchengetedza chikamu chepamusoro chematsime chine chiyero chepamusoro pamusoro pepakiti yekugadzira.Jekiseni risingaperi rinogona kukurudzirwa kunyanya mumatsime asingade kusvinwa nekuda kwekuderera kwekuyera mutsime riri pedyo;kana mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kudzvanya pamwe kwakaoma uye kunodhura kuita nguva nenguva, semuenzaniso kusungirirana kweminda yepasi pegungwa.

Statoil yakawedzera ruzivo rwekuenderera mberi kwejekiseni remakemikari kune epamusoro masisitimu uye subsea matemplate asi dambudziko idzva nderekutora jekiseni kudzika kwakadzika mutsime.Kugadzira, kushanda uye kuchengetedza mitsara yejekiseni yemakemikari inoda kutarisisa zvakanyanya pane akati wandei misoro;zvakadai sekusarudzwa kwezvinhu, kufanirwa kwemakemikari uye kutarisa.Dzvinyiriro, tembiricha, kuyerera-mitemo uye geometry yegadziriro inogona kuunza matambudziko pakushanda kwakachengeteka.Matambudziko akareba (makiromita akati wandei) mitsetse yejekiseni kubva kunzvimbo yekugadzira kuenda kune subsea template uye mumajekiseni mavharuvhu pasi mumatsime akaonekwa;Fig.1.Mamwe emajekiseni masisitimu akashanda zvinoenderana nehurongwa, asi mamwe akakundikana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana.Zviitiko zvitsva zvemumunda zvakarongwa zve downhole chemical injection (DHCI);zvisinei;mune dzimwe nguva michina haisati yanyatsokodzera.

Kushandiswa kweDHCI ibasa rakaoma.Inosanganisira kupedzwa uye dhizaini, tsime chemistry, topside system uye kemikari dosage system yeiyo topside process.Kemikari inozopombwa kubva kumusoro kuburikidza nekemikari jekiseni mutsara kune yekupedzisa midziyo uye ichidzika mutsime.Nekudaro, mukuronga nekuita kwerudzi urwu rwekushandira pamwe kweprojekiti pakati pezvidzidzo zvakati wandei kwakakosha.Mafungiro akasiyana-siyana anofanirwa kuongororwa uye kutaurirana kwakanaka panguva yekugadzira kwakakosha.Maprosesa einjiniya, subsea mainjiniya uye mainjiniya ekupedzisa vanobatanidzwa, vachibata nemisoro yetsime chemistry, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, kuyerera kwekuvimbisa uye kugadzira kemikari manejimendi.Matambudziko anogona kunge ari kemikari pfuti mambo kana kudzikama tembiricha, ngura uye mune dzimwe nguva vacuum mhedzisiro nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo uye kuyerera kwemhedzisiro mumutsara wejekiseni remakemikari.Pamusoro peizvi, mamiriro akadai sekumanikidza kwakakwira, tembiricha yakakwira, chiyero chegasi chakakwira, kukwirira kwakanyanya,kureba umbilical uye yakadzika jekiseni poindi mutsime, ipa akasiyana hunyanzvi matambudziko uye zvinodiwa kune kemikari jekiseni uye kune jekiseni vharafu.

Kuongorora kweDHCI maitiro akaiswa mumabasa eStatoil anoratidza kuti chiitiko chacho hachina kubudirira nguva dzose Tafura 1. Zvisinei, kuronga kwekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwejekiseni, kukodzera kwemakemikari, kushanda nekugadzirisa kuri kuitwa.Matambudziko anosiyana kubva kumunda kuenda kumunda, uye dambudziko harisi hazvo kuti kemikari jekiseni vharuvhu pachayo haisi kushanda.

Kwemakore apfuura matambudziko akati wandei ane chekuita nekudzika kwemakemikari jekiseni mitsara akaonekwa.Mupepa rino mimwe mienzaniso inopiwa kubva muzviitiko izvi.Pepa rinokurukura matambudziko uye matanho anotorwa kugadzirisa matambudziko ane chekuita neDHCI mitsetse.Nhoroondo mbiri dzenyaya dzinopihwa;imwe iri pacorrosion uye imwe iri pachemical gun king.Zviitiko zvemumunda zvinoratidza kuomarara kwemajekiseni epasi pegomba maererano nekunaya uye nyaya dzekuora zvinokurukurwa.

Zvidzidzo zverabhoritari uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro matsva ekufanirwa kwemakemikari zvinotariswa zvakare;nzira yekupomba iyo kemikari, kuyera kugona uye kudzivirira, yakaoma midziyo yekushandisa uye kuti kemikari inozokanganisa sei iyo topside system kana kemikari inogadzirwa kumashure.Gamuchira maitiro ekushandiswa kwekemikari anosanganisira nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza, kushanda zvakanaka, simba rekuchengetedza kumusoro, chiyero chepombi, kana pombi iripo ichigona kushandiswa etc. Kurudziro yehunyanzvi inofanira kubva pakuenderana kwemvura uye kemisitiri, kuona kwasara, kuenderana kwezvinhu, subsea umbilical dhizaini, kemikari dosage system. uye zvinhu zvakatenderedza mitsara iyi.Iyo kemikari ingangoda kuve hydrate inhibited kudzivirira plugging yemutsetse wejekiseni kubva pakupinda gasi uye kemikari haifanirwe kutonhora panguva yekufambisa nekuchengetedza.Mumirayiridzo yemukati iripo pane rondedzero iyo makemikari anogona kushandiswa pane imwe neimwe pfungwa muhurongwa Physical properties yakadai se viscosity inokosha.Iyo jekiseni system inogona kureva 3-50km chinhambwe cheumbilical subsea flow line uye 1-3km pasi mutsime.Nokudaro, kugadzikana kwekushisa kwakakoshawo.Ongororo yezvinoitika pasi pemvura, semuenzaniso mumichina yekukwenenzvera inogonawo kutariswa.

Downhole chemical injection systems

Mari inobatsira

Kuenderera mberi jekiseni re scale inhibitor downhole kuchengetedza DHS Vor iyo tubhing yekugadzira inogona kudhura kana ichienzaniswa nekusvina tsime ne scale inhibitor.Ichi chishandiso chinodzikisira mukana wekukuvadzwa kwekugadzira kana uchienzaniswa nechiyero chekumisikidza marapirwo, chinoderedza mukana wematambudziko ekuita mushure mekudzvanywa kwechiyero uye chinopa mukana wekudzora chiyero chejekiseni chemakemikari kubva kumusoro wejekiseni system.Iyo jekiseni system inogona zvakare kushandiswa kubaya mamwe makemikari anoramba achidzika pasi uye nekudaro anogona kuderedza mamwe matambudziko anogona kuitika kuzasi kweiyo process plant.

Ongororo yakazara yakaitwa kugadzira downhole scale strategy yeOseberg S kana munda.Chiyero chikuru chekunetseka chaiva CaCO;kuyera muchubhu repamusoro uye zvichibvira DHSV kutadza.Iyo Oseberg S kana Scale Management Strategy yekutarisisa yakagumisa kuti mukati memakore matatu, DHCI ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kudhura mhinduro mumatsime maigara majekiseni emakemikari.Chinhu chikuru chemutengo chine chekuita neanokwikwidza hunyanzvi hwekusvina chikero yaive mafuta akamisikidzwa kwete mutengo wemakemikari / wekushandisa.Pakushandiswa kwe scale inhibitor mukusimudza gasi, chinhu chikuru pamutengo wekemikari yaive yakakwira gasi yekusimudza mwero inotungamira kune yakakwira SI, sezvo iyo yekumisikidza yaifanirwa kuenzana neyekusimudza gasi kudzivirira kemikari pfuti mambo.Pamatsime maviri ari paOseberg S kana aive achishanda zvakanaka DHC I mitsetse, sarudzo iyi yakasarudzwa kuchengetedza DHS V's kurwisa CaCO;kuwedzera.

Inoenderera mberi jekiseni system uye mavharuvhu

Mhinduro dziripo dzekupedzisa uchishandisa anoenderera mberi emakemikari majekiseni masisitimu anotarisana nematambudziko ekudzivirira plugging yecapillary mitsara.Kazhinji jekiseni rejekiseni rine mutsara wecapillary, 1/4" kana 3/8" kunze kwedhayamita (OD), yakasungirirwa kumusoro, inodyiswa kuburikidza-uye yakabatanidzwa kune tubing hanger pa annular side ye tubing.Mutsetse wecapillary wakasungirirwa kune dhayamita yekunze yechubhu yekugadzira neakakosha tubing collar clamps uye inomhanya kunze kwetubhing nzira yese kusvika kune kemikari jekiseni mandrel.Iyo mandrel inogadzikwa kumusoro-kurukova kweDHS V kana kudzika mutsime nechinangwa chekupa kemikari yakabaiwa yakakwana nguva yekuparadzira uye kuisa kemikari panowanikwa matambudziko.

Pakemikari jekiseni vharafu, Fig.2, katuriji kadiki kanenge 1.5” mudhayamita ine mavharuvhu ekutarisa anodzivirira mvura yemutsime kuti isapinda mumutsara wecapillary.Ingori diki poppet inotasva pamusoro pechitubu.Simba rechirimo rinoisa uye rinofanotaura kudzvanywa kunodiwa kuvhura poppet kubva pachigaro chekuisa chisimbiso.Kana kemikari inotanga kuyerera, poppet inosimudzwa kubva pachigaro uye inovhura cheki valve.

Inodiwa kuti ive nemavharuvhu maviri ekutarisa akaiswa.Vhuru imwe ndiyo inodzivirira inodzivirira mvura yemutsime kupinda mumutsara wecapillary.Izvi zvine mhepo yakaderera yekuvhura (2-15bars) .Kana iyo hydrostatic pressure mukati memutsara we capillary iri pasi pechitsime chemvura, mvura yetsime ichaedza kupinda mumutsara we capillary.Imwe cheki vharuvhu ine atypical kuvhura kumanikidza kwe130-250 bars uye inozivikanwa seU-tube kudzivirira system.Iri vharuvhu rinodzivirira kemikari mukati memutsara wecapillary kuti riyerere zvakasununguka kupinda mutsime kana iyo hydrostatic pressure mukati mecapillary line ikava yakakura kudarika tsime remutsime panoiswa kemikari mukati metubhing yekugadzira.

Pamusoro pemavharuvhu maviri ekutarisa, pane kazhinji in-line sefa, chinangwa cheichi ndechekuona kuti hapana marara emhando ipi neipi anogona kukanganisa kugona kuvhara kwecheki valve masisitimu.

Saizi yeakatsanangurwa cheki mavharuvhu ari madiki, uye kuchena kweiyo jekiseni fluid kwakakosha pakuita kwavo kushanda.Zvinotendwa kuti marara ari muhurongwa anogona kubviswa nekuwedzera kuyerera mukati memutsara wecapillary, kuitira kuti mavharuvhu echeki avhure nemaune.

Apo cheki yevhavha inovhura, mhepo inoyerera inokurumidza kuderera uye inoparadzira mutsara we capillary kusvikira kudzvinyirira kunowedzera zvakare.Ivhavha yecheki inozovhara kusvikira kuyerera kwemakemikari kunovaka kumanikidza kwakakwana kuzarura valve;mhedzisiro ndeyekumanikidza oscillations mucheki valve system.Iyo yepamusoro yekuvhura inomanikidza iyo cheki valve system ine, iyo shoma yekuyerera nzvimbo inotangwa kana cheki vharafu ichivhura uye sisitimu inoedza kuwana mamiriro ekuenzanisa.

Ikemikari jekiseni mavharuvhu ane yakaderera kuvhura kumanikidzwa;uye kana dzvinyiriro yetubhing panzvimbo yekemikari inopinza ikava shoma pane huwandu hwehydrostatic pressure yemakemikari mukati mecapillary line pamwe necheki valve yekuvhura pressure, pedyo nevacuum kana vacuum ichaitika kumusoro kwecapillary line.Kana jekiseni remakemikari ramira kana kuyerera kwekemikari kwakadzikira, padhuze mamiriro evacuum anotanga kuitika muchikamu chepamusoro che capillary line.

Chiyero chevacuum chinoenderana nekumanikidzwa kwetsime, kukweva kwemusanganiswa wemakemikari akaiswa jekiseni anoshandiswa mukati memutsara wecapillary, cheki yevhavha yekuvhura kudzvanywa panzvimbo yejekiseni uye kuyerera kwekemikari mukati memutsara wecapillary.Mamiriro emugodhi anosiyana pamusoro pehupenyu hwemunda uye mukana wevacuum uchasiyanawo nekuwedzera nguva.Zvakakosha kuziva nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya kutora fungidziro yakakodzera uye chenjedzo zvisati zvaitika matambudziko anotarisirwa kuitika.

Pamwe chete nemazinga akaderera ejekiseni, kazhinji zvinonyungudutsa zvinoshandiswa mumhando idzi dzemashandisirwo zviri kubuda zvichikonzera mhedzisiro isina kunyatsoongororwa.Izvi mhedzisiro imambo wepfuti kana kunaya kwezvakaoma, semuenzaniso mapolymers, kana solvent iri kubuda.

Kupfuurirazve, masero egalvanic anogona kuumbwa muchikamu chekuchinja pakati pemvura yepamusoro yekemikari uye mhute yakazadzwa pedyo-vacuum gasi chikamu pamusoro.Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kugomba remukati mukati memutsara wecapillary semugumisiro wekuwedzera kwehasha kwekemikari pasi pemamiriro aya.Mafuraki kana makristasi emunyu akaumbwa sefirimu mukati memutsara wecapillary sezvo mukati mawo unooma unogona jam kana plug capillary line.

Zvakanaka chipingamupinyi uzivi

Paunenge uchigadzira akasimba matsime mhinduro, Statoil inoda kuti tsime chengetedzo iri panzvimbo nguva dzese panguva yehupenyu hwetsime.Nekudaro, Statoil inoda kuti kune maviri akazvimirira ega zvipingamupinyi zvisina kusimba.Fig. 3 inoratidza atypical tsime barrier schematic, apo ruvara rwebhuruu runomiririra yekutanga tsime barriers hamvuropu;munyaya iyi tubing yekugadzira.Muvara mutsvuku unomiririra yechipiri chipingamupinyi envelopu;the casing.Kurutivi rworuboshwe mumufananidzo jekiseni remakemikari rinoratidzwa sejira dema rine jekiseni poindi yekugadzira tubing munzvimbo yakatsvuka (secondary barriers).Nekuisa masisitimu emajekiseni emakemikari mutsime, zvese zvipingamupinyi zvekutanga uye zvechipiri zvetsime zviri panjodzi.

Nyaya yekuora

Kutevedzana kwezviitiko

Downhole kemikari jekiseni re scale inhibitor rakaiswa munzvimbo yemafuta inoshandiswa neStatoil paNorwegian Continental Shelf.Muchiitiko ichi iyo scale inhibitor yakashandiswa yakanga yave inokodzera topside uye subsea application.Kugadziriswa kwetsime kwakateverwa nekuiswa kweDHCIpointat2446mMD, Fig.3.Ijekiseni rekudzikisa pasi retopside scale inhibitor rakatanga pasina kumwe kuongororwa kwekemikari.

Mushure megore rimwe rekushanda kuvuza mumakemikari jekiseni system yakaonekwa uye kuferefeta kwakatanga.Kudonha kwacho kwakakanganisa zvipingamupinyi zvetsime.Zviitiko zvakafanana zvakaitika kumatsime akati wandei uye mamwe acho aifanira kuvharirwa mukati ongororo ichienderera mberi.

Iyo tubing yekugadzira yakadhonzwa uye yakadzidzwa zvakadzama.Corrosion attack yaingogumira kune rimwe divi retubhing, uye mamwe majoints etubhing akanga aita ngura zvekuti paitova nemaburi nemaburi.Inenge 8.5mm gobvu 3% chrome simbi yakanga yaparara mukati memwedzi isingasviki 8.Kuora kukuru kwakaitika muchikamu chepamusoro chetsime, kubva kutsime zvichidzika kusvika kunosvika 380m MD, uye majoini akaipisisa echubhu akawanikwa akapoteredza 350m MD.Pazasi pekudzika uku kushomeka kana kusave nekuora kwakaonekwa, asi marara mazhinji akawanikwa patubing OD's.

Iyo 9-5 / 8 '' casing yakatemwawo uye yakadhonzwa uye yakafanana nemhedzisiro yakaonekwa;ine ngura muchikamu chepamusoro chetsime kune rimwe divi chete.Kudonha kwakakonzerwa kwakakonzerwa nekuputika chikamu chisina simba checasing.

Iyo kemikari jekiseni mutsara zvinhu yaive Alloy 825.

Kukodzera kwemakemikari

Kemikari zvivakwa uye corrosion kuyedzwa kwakakosha kutariswa mukukodzera kwe scale inhibitors uye iyo chaiyo scale inhibitor yakanga yakanyatsokodzera uye yakashandiswa mutopside uye subsea zvikumbiro kwemakore akati wandei.Chikonzero chekushandisa iyo chaiyo kemikari downhole yakagadziridzwa zvivakwa zvezvakatipoteredza nekutsiva iyo iripo downhole kemikari Zvisinei, iyo scale inhibitor yakange yashandiswa chete pa ambient topside uye tembiricha yegungwa (4-20 ℃).Kana yaiswa mugomba tembiricha yekemikari yaigona kukwira kusvika 90 ℃, asi hapana kumwe kuyedzwa kwanga kwaitwa pakupisa uku.

Yekutanga corrosivity bvunzo yaive yaitwa nemupi wemakemikari uye mhedzisiro yakaratidza 2-4mm / gore yekabhoni simbi pakupisa kwakanyanya.Panguva iyi pakange paine kubatanidzwa kushoma kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwemushandisi.Miedzo mitsva yakazoitwa nemushandi achiratidza kuti scale inhibitor yainyanya kukanganisa zvinhu zviri muchubhu yekugadzira uye casing yekugadzira, ine corrosion rates inodarika 70mm/gore.Iyo kemikari jekiseni mutsara wezvinhu Alloy 825 yakanga isati yaedzwa kurwisa scale inhibitor isati yaiswa jekiseni.Tembiricha yetsime inogona kusvika 90 ℃ uye bvunzo dzakakwana dzinofanirwa kunge dzaitwa pasi pemamiriro aya.

Ongororo iyi yakaratidzawo kuti scale inhibitor seyakagadziriswa mhinduro yakanga yataura pH ye<3.0.Nekudaro, iyo pH yakanga isati yayerwa.Gare gare iyo yakayerwa pH yakaratidza yakaderera kukosha kwepH 0-1.Izvi zvinoratidza kudiwa kwezviyero uye kufunga kwezvinhu mukuwedzera kune yakapihwa pH kukosha.

Dudziro yezvabuda

Mutsara wejekiseni (Fig.3) inovakwa kuti ipe hydrostatic pressure ye scale inhibitor iyo inopfuura kudzvinyirira mune zvakanaka panzvimbo yejekiseni.Iyo inhibitor inobaiwa pamhepo yakanyanya kupfuura iripo mutsime.Izvi zvinoguma neU-tube mhedzisiro pakuvhara-mukati kwetsime.Ivhavha ichagara yakazaruka nepamusoro-soro mumutsara wejekiseni kupfuura mutsime.Vacuum kana kubuda mumutsara wejekiseni kunogona kuitika.Mwero wekuora uye njodzi yegomba yakakura mugasi / mvura yekushandura zone nekuda kwekubuda kwezvinonyungudutsa.Kuedza kwarabhoritari kwakaitwa pamakuponi kwakasimbisa iyi dzidziso.Mumatsime umo kudonha kwakaitika, maburi ese mumitsara yejekiseni aive muchikamu chepamusoro chemutsara wejekiseni remakemikari.

Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza kutorwa kwemifananidzo yeDHC I mutsetse ine yakakosha gomba corrosion.Kuora kunoonekwa pachubhu rekugadzira rekunze kwairatidza kuratidzwa kwechikero inhibitor kubva pagomba rekudonhedza.Kudonha uku kwakakonzerwa nekudzika kwegomba nekemikari inoparadza zvakanyanya uye kuvuza kuburikidza nekemikari jekiseni mutsetse mune yekugadzira casing.Scale inhibitor yakapfapfaidzwa kubva papitted capillary line kuenda kune casing uye tubing uye kubuda kwakaitika.Chero chechipiri mhedzisiro yekuvuza mumutsara wejekiseni yakanga isina kutariswa.Yakagumiswa kuti casing-uye tubing corrosion yaive mhedzisiro ye concentrated scale inhibitors yakanamatira kubva kune pitted capillary line kusvika kune casing uye tubing, Fig.5.

Muchiitiko ichi pakave nekushaikwa kwekubatanidzwa kwemainjiniya ehunyanzvi hwezvinhu.Corrosivity yekemikari pamutsetse weDHCI yakanga isati yaedzwa uye mhedzisiro yechipiri nekuda kwekudonha yakanga isati yaongororwa;sekuti zvinhu zvakapoteredza zvinogona kushivirira kuratidzwa kwemakemikari.

Nyaya yenyaya yemakemikari-pfuti mambo

Kutevedzana kwezviitiko

Nzira yekudzivirira chiyero chemunda weHP HT yaive jekiseni risingaperi rescale inhibitor kumusoro kweiyo downhole security valve.Iyo yakanyanya calcium carbonate scaling mukana wakaonekwa mutsime.Rimwe rematambudziko raive tembiricha yakakwira uye gasi rakawanda uye mitengo yekugadzira condensate yakasanganiswa neyakaderera yekugadzira mvura.Kunetseka nejekiseni scale inhibitor kwaiva kuti solvent yaizobviswa nepamusoro pekugadzirwa kwegasi uye pfuti mambo wekemikari yaizoitika panzvimbo yejekiseni kumusoro kwevhavhavhavhavha mutsime, Fig.1.

Panguva yekufanirwa kwe scale inhibitor yainyanya kutariswa pakushanda zvakanaka kwechigadzirwa paHP HT mamiriro anosanganisira maitiro mutopside process system (yakaderera tembiricha).Kunaya kweiyo scale inhibitor pachayo mumachubhu ekugadzira nekuda kwechiyero chegasi chakanyanya ndicho chakanyanya kunetseka.Ongororo dzemuLabhoritari dzakaratidza kuti scale inhibitor inogona kudonha uye kunamatira kumadziro echubhu.Kushanda kwevharuvhu yekuchengetedza kunogona saka kukunda njodzi.

Zvakaitika zvakaratidza kuti mushure memavhiki mashoma ekushanda mutsara wemakemikari wakanga uchidonha.Zvaive zvichibvira kutarisa wellbore pressure payeji yepamusoro yakaiswa mu capillary line.Mutsetse wacho wakaparadzaniswa kuti uwane kuperera zvakanaka.

Mutsara wejekiseni wekemikari wakaburitswa mutsime, wakavhurwa nekuongororwa kuti uongorore dambudziko uye nekuwana zvikonzero zvinogoneka zvekutadza.Sezvinogona kuonekwa muFig.6, yakawanda yakawanda yemvura yakawanikwa uye kuongororwa kwemakemikari kwakaratidza kuti imwe yeiyi yaiva scale inhibitor.Iyo precipitate yaive pachisimbiso uye poppet nevharuvhu zvaisagona kushandirwa.

Kukundikana kwevharuvhu kwakakonzerwa nemarara mukati mevhavha system inodzivirira cheki mavharuvhu kudya pane simbi kune simbi chigaro.Iyo tsvina yakaongororwa uye zvikamu zvikuru zvakaratidzwa kuva simbi shavings, zvichida yakagadzirwa panguva yekuiswa kwe capillary line.Mukuwedzera, mamwe marara machena akaonekwa pane ese mavharuvhu ekutarisa kunyanya kuseri kwemavharuvhu.Iri ndiro divi repasi, kureva kuti divi rinogara richisangana nemvura yemutsime.Pakutanga, izvi zvaitendwa semarara kubva mugomba rekugadzira sezvo mavharuvhu akange akazarirwa akavhurika uye akasangana nemvura yemutsime.Asi kuongorora marara airatidza kuve mapolymer ane chemistry yakafanana nekemikari inoshandiswa se scale inhibitor.Izvi zvakabata kufarira kwedu uye Statoil yaida kuongorora zvikonzero zviri kuseri kwemarara aya epolymer aripo mumutsara wecapillary.

Kukodzera kwemakemikari

Mumunda weHP HT mune matambudziko mazhinji maererano nekusarudzwa kwemakemikari akakodzera kurerutsa matambudziko akasiyana ekugadzira.Mukukodzera kwe scale inhibitor yekuenderera mberi jekiseni downhole, zvinotevera bvunzo zvakaitwa:

● Kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa

● Kuchembera nekupisa

● Dynamic performance tests

● Kuenderana nemvura yekugadzira uye hydrate inhibitor (MEG)

● Static uye simba pfuti mambo bvunzo

● Re-kuparara ruzivo mvura, makemikari matsva uye MEG

Kemikari inozoiswa jekiseni pamwero wakatemerwa dosage,asi kugadzirwa kwemvura hakuzongogara kuripo,kureva kutsvedza kwemvura.Pakati pemvura slugs,kana kemikari ichipinda mutsime,ichasangana nekupisa,inokurumidza kuyerera rwizi rwehydrocarbon gasi.Izvi zvakafanana nekubaya inhibitor yekusimudza gasi (Fleming etal.2003) .Pamwechete

tembiricha yakakwira gasi,njodzi yekubvisa zvinonyungudutsa yakakwira zvakanyanya uye mambo wepfuti anogona kukonzera kuvharika kwevharuvhu yejekiseni.Iyi injodzi kunyangwe kumakemikari akagadzirwa ane high boiling point/low vapor pressure solvents and other Vapor Pressure Depressants(VPD's) .Pakaitika kuvharika kwechidimbu,kuyerera kwemvura yekugadzira,MEG uye / kana kemikari nyowani inofanirwa kukwanisa kubvisa kana kunyungudutsazve kemikari yakapera mvura kana kubviswa pfuti.

Muchiitiko ichi chinyorwa cherabhoritari yekuyedza rig yakagadzirirwa kudzokorora mamiriro ekuyerera padyo nemajekiseni ports paHP/HTg segadziriro yekugadzira.Mhedzisiro kubva kune ane simba pfuti king bvunzo inoratidza kuti pasi peyakarongwa mamiriro ekunyorera kurasikirwa kwakakosha kwekunyungudika kwakanyorwa.Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumambo wepfuti nekukurumidza uye pakupedzisira kuvharika kwema flowlines.Saka basa racho rakaratidza kuti njodzi yakakura yaivepo yekuenderera mberi jekiseni remakemikari mumatsime aya risati ragadzirwa mvura uye zvakaita kuti pasarudzwe kugadzirisa maitiro ekutanga emunda uyu, kunonoka jekiseni remakemikari kusvika kubuda kwemvura kwaonekwa.

Kukodzera kwe scale inhibitor yekuenderera mberi jekiseni downhole kwaiva nepamusoro-soro pakugadzirisa zvinonyungudutsa uye pfuti mambo we scale inhibitor panzvimbo yejekiseni uye mumutsetse wekuyerera asi mukana wemambo wepfuti muvharuvhu yejekiseni pachayo hauna kuongororwa.Ivhavhavha yejekiseni zvichida yakakundikana nekuda kwekurasikirwa kukuru kwekunyungudutsa uye kukurumidza pfuti mambo,Fig.6.Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti zvakakosha kuva nemaonero akazara ehurongwa;kwete kungotarisa pamatambudziko ekugadzira,asiwo matambudziko ane chekuita nejekiseni remakemikari,kureva jekiseni vharafu.

Chiitiko kubva kune mamwe minda

Imwe yemishumo yekutanga pamusoro pezvinetso nemitsara yakareba yemakemikari injection yaibva kuGull fak sandVig dis satellite fields (Osa etal.2001) .Mitsara yejekiseni ye subsea yakavharwa kubva pakuumbwa kwe hydrate mukati memutsara nekuda kwekupinda kwegesi kubva kumvura yakagadzirwa. kupinda mumutsetse kuburikidza nejekiseni vharafu.Nhungamiro mitsva yekugadzirwa kwekemikari yekugadzira pasi pegungwa yakagadzirwa.Zvinodiwa zvaisanganisira kubviswa kwechikamu (kusefa) uye kuwedzera kwehydrate inhibitor (eg glycol) kune ese mvura based scale inhibitors kuti ibaye jekiseni pazasi pegungwa templates.Kugadzikana kwemakemikari,viscosity uye kuenderana (mvura uye zvinhu) zvakaonekwa zvakare.Izvi zvinodikanwa zvakaendeswa mberi muStatoil system uye zvinosanganisira downhole chemical injection.

Munguva yekuvandudzwa kweOseberg S kana munda zvakasarudzwa kuti matsime ose anofanira kupedzwa neDHC I systems (Fleming etal.2006) .Chinangwa chaiva kudzivirira CaCO;kuyera muchubhu repamusoro nejekiseni reSI.Rimwe rematambudziko makuru maererano nemitsara yejekiseni yekemikari kwaive kuwana kutaurirana pakati pepamusoro uye pasi pekubuda.Iyo dhayamita yemukati yemutsetse wejekiseni yemakemikari yakaderedzwa kubva pa7mm kusvika 0.7mm (ID) yakatenderedza annulus kuchengetedza vharafu nekuda kwekugumira kwenzvimbo uye kugona kwemvura kutakurwa kuburikidza nechikamu ichi kwakange yakanganisa chiyero chebudiriro.Matsime epuratifomu akati wandei aive nemitsara yejekiseni yemakemikari yaive yakavharwa,asi chikonzero hachina kunzwisiswa.Zvitima zvezvinwiwa zvakasiyana-siyana (glycol,crude,condensate,xylene,scale inhibitor,mvura etc.) dzaive murabhoritari yakaedzwa kuona viscosity uye kuenderana uye kupomba kumberi uye nereverse kuyerera kuvhura mitsetse.;zvisinei,iyo target scale inhibitor yaisakwanisa kupomba kusvika kukemikari jekiseni valve.Uyezve,matambudziko akaonekwa nekunaya kwephosphonate scale inhibitor pamwe chete nekusara kweCaCl z kupedzisa brine mune rimwe tsime uye pfuti mambo we scale inhibitor mukati megomba rine yakakwira gasoil ratio uye yakaderera mvura kuchekwa (Fleming etal.2006)

Zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa

Kuvandudza nzira yekuedza

Zvidzidzo zvikuru zvakadzidzwa kubva mukukundikana kweDHC I masisitimu zvave zvine chekuita nehunyanzvi hwekuita kwe scale inhibitor uye kwete maererano nekushanda uye jekiseni remakemikari.Topside jekiseni uye subsea jekiseni rakashanda zvakanaka nguva yakawandisa;zvisinei,chikumbiro chakawedzerwa kusvika kune downhole makemikari jekiseni pasina inowirirana update yemakemikari qualification nzira.Chiitiko cheStatoil kubva mumakesi maviri emumunda akaunzwa ndechekuti zvinyorwa zvinotonga kana nhungamiro yekukodzera makemikari inofanirwa kuvandudzwa kuti ibatanidze rudzi urwu rwekushandisa kemikari.Iwo makuru matambudziko maviri akaonekwa se i) vacuum mumutsara wejekiseni remakemikari uye ii) inogona kunaya kemikari.

Evaporation yekemikari inogona kuitika pachubhu yekugadzira (sekuonekwa mune pfuti mambo kesi) uye mune jekiseni tubing (inopfupika interface yaonekwa mune vacuum kesi) pane njodzi yekuti mvura iyi inogona kufambiswa nekuyerera uye. muvharuvhu jekiseni uye mberi kupinda mutsime.Ivhavhavha yejekiseni inowanzogadzirwa nesefa kumusoro kwenzvimbo yejekiseni,izvi zvinonetsa,sekunaya kwemvura sefa iyi inogona kuvharwa zvichikonzera kuti vharuvhu itadze.

Izvo zvakacherechedzwa uye mhedziso dzekutanga kubva kune zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa zvakaguma nekuwanda kwechidzidzo cherabhoritari pane chiitiko.Chinangwa chikuru chaive chekugadzira nzira itsva dzezvidzidzo kudzivirira matambudziko akafanana mune ramangwana.Muchidzidzo ichi bvunzo dzakasiyana siyana dzakaitwa uye nzira dzakati wandei dzemurabhoritari dzakagadzirwa (dzakagadziridzwa kuitira) kuongorora makemikari maererano nematambudziko akaonekwa.

● Sefa zvakavharwa uye kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa mumasisitimu akavharwa.

● Mhedzisiro yekurasikirwa kwechikamu chekunyungudutsa pakuora kwemakemikari.

● Mhedzisiro yekurasikirwa kwechidimbu chekunyungudika mukati me capillary pakugadzirwa kwezvakaoma kana viscous plugs.

Munguva yekuyedzwa kwenzira dze laboratori nyaya dzakawanda dzinogona kuwanikwa dzakaonekwa

● Kudzokororwa kwesefa kuvharika uye kusagadzikana kwakashata.

● Maumbirwo akasimba mushure mekupfava zvishoma kubva pacapillary

● PH inoshanduka nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekunyungudutsa.

Mamiriro ebvunzo dzakaitwa akapawo rumwe ruzivo uye ruzivo zvine chekuita nekuchinja kwehunhu hwemakemikari mukati mecapillaries kana akaiswa kune mamwe mamiriro.,uye kuti izvi zvinosiyana sei nemhinduro dzakawanda dzinoiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana.Basa rekuyedza rakaratidzawo misiyano yakakura pakati pemvura zhinji,vapor phases uye zvinwiwa zvasara izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune kuwedzera kugona kwekunaya uye/kana kuwedzera kukororo.

Nzira yekuedza ye corrosivity ye scale inhibitors yakagadzirwa uye yakasanganiswa mune zvinyorwa zvinotonga.Kune yega yega application yakawedzerwa corrosivity kuyedzwa kwaifanira kuitwa jekiseni re scale inhibitor risati raitwa.Gun king bvunzo dzekemikari mumutsara wejekiseni dzakaitwa zvakare.

Usati watanga kukodzera kwekemikari zvakakosha kugadzira chiyero chebasa chinotsanangura zvinonetsa uye chinangwa chemakemikari.Muchikamu chekutanga zvakakosha kuziva matambudziko makuru ekukwanisa kusarudza marudzi emakemikari (s) achagadzirisa dambudziko.Pfupiso yezvakanyanya kukosha kugashira maitiro inogona kuwanikwa muTafura 2.

Kufanirwa kwemakemikari

Kufanirwa kwemakemikari kunosanganisira kuyedza uye dzidziso yekuongorora kune yega yega application.Tekinoroji yekumisikidza uye maitiro ekuyedza anofanirwa kutsanangurwa uye kusimbiswa,semuenzaniso mukati meHSE,kugarisana kwezvinhu,kugadzikana kwechigadzirwa uye mhando yechigadzirwa (particles).Uyezve,nzvimbo yechando,viscosity uye kuenderana nemamwe makemikari,hydrate inhibitor,mvura yekugadzira uye mvura inogadzirwa inofanira kusarudzwa.Rondedzero yakapfava yenzira dzekuyedza dzingangoshandiswa kufanirwa kwemakemikari inopihwa muTebhu 2.

Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa uye kutarisa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita,mazinga uye HSE chokwadi chakakosha.Zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa zvinogona kushandura munda kana process yekudyara hupenyu hwese;siyana nemitengo yekugadzira pamwe nekuumbwa kwemvura.Kutevera chiitiko nekuongororwa kwekuita,optimization uye/kana kuyedzwa kwemakemikari matsva kunofanirwa kuitwa nguva nenguva kuti ive nechokwadi chechirongwa chekurapa chakakwana.

Zvichienderana nemhando yemafuta,kugadzirwa kwemvura uye matambudziko ehunyanzvi pabindu rekugadzira chirimwa,kushandiswa kwemakemikari ekugadzira kungave kuri madikanwa kuti uwane kunze kwemhando yepamusoro,kudzora zvinodiwa,uye kushandisa kuisirwa kwekunze kwemahombekombe nenzira yakachengeteka.Minda yese ine matambudziko akasiyana, uye makemikari ekugadzira anodiwa anosiyana kubva kumunda kuenda kumunda uye nekuwedzera nguva.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti titarise pahunyanzvi hwekuita makemikari ekugadzira muchirongwa chekufanirwa,asi zvakakoshawo kuti uise pfungwa pazvinhu zvemakemikari,sekugadzikana,chigadzirwa chemhando uye kuenderana.Kugarisana mugadziriro iyi kunoreva kuenderana nemvura,zvinhu uye mamwe makemikari ekugadzira.Izvi zvinogona kuva dambudziko.Hazvifadzi kushandisa kemikari kugadzirisa dambudziko kuti uzoona kuti kemikari inobatsira kana kugadzira matambudziko matsva.Zvingangove zvimiro zvemakemikari uye kwete tekinoroji dambudziko iro ndiro dambudziko guru.

Zvinodiwa zvakakosha

Zvinodiwa zvakakosha pakusefa kwezvigadzirwa zvinopihwa zvinofanirwa kuiswa kune subsea system uye yekuenderera mberi jekiseni kuzasi.Mastrainers uye mafirita ari mumakemikari jekiseni system anofanirwa kupihwa zvichibva pane yakatarwa pane yakadzika midziyo kubva kumusoro wejekiseni system.,pombi nemajekiseni mavharuvhu,kune mavharuvhu ejekiseni pasi.Ikoko kuenderera mberi kwejekiseni remakemikari kunoiswa iyo yakatarwa mumakemikari jekiseni system inofanirwa kuve yakavakirwa pane yakatarwa ine yakanyanya kutsoropodza.Izvi zvichida sefa iri pajekiseni valve downhole.

Majekiseni matambudziko

Iyo jekiseni system inogona kureva 3-50km chinhambwe cheumbilical subsea flowline uye 1-3km pasi mutsime.Zvimiro zvemuviri senge viscosity uye kugona kupomba makemikari zvakakosha.Kana viscosity patembiricha yepasi pegungwa yakanyanya kukwira zvinogona kunetsa kupomba kemikari kuburikidza nemutsetse wejekiseni wekemikari muguvhu rezasi uye kunzvimbo yejekiseni yepasi pegungwa kana mutsime.Iyo viscosity inofanirwa kunge inoenderana nehurongwa hwehurongwa pane inotarisirwa kuchengetedza kana tembiricha yekushanda.Izvi zvinofanira kuongororwa munyaya imwe neimwe,uye ichaenderana nehurongwa.Sezvo tafura makemikari jekiseni mwero chinhu kuti ubudirire mumakemikari jekiseni.Kudzikisira njodzi yekuvhara mutsara wejekiseni remakemikari,makemikari ari mugadziriro ino anofanira kuva hydrate inhibited (kana zvichiita kuti hydrates).Kuenderana nemvura iripo muhurongwa (kuchengetedza mvura) uye hydrate inhibitor inofanirwa kuitwa.Kugadzikana bvunzo dzekemikari patembiricha chaiyo (yakaderera inogoneka ambient tembiricha,ambient tembiricha,subsea tembiricha,jekiseni tembiricha) inofanira kupfuudzwa.

Chirongwa chekugeza mitsetse yemajekiseni emakemikari panguva yakapihwa inofanirawo kutariswa.Inogona kupa inodzivirira kugara uchitsvaira kemikari jekiseni mutsetse ne solvent,glycol kana kemikari yekuchenesa kuti ibvise mari inobvira isati yaunganidzwa uye inogona kukonzera plugging yemutsara.Iyo yakasarudzwa kemikari mhinduro yemvura inoyerera inofanira kuvainopindirana nekemikari mumutsetse wejekiseni.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko mutsetse wejekiseni wekemikari unoshandiswa kune akati wandei makemikari ekushandisa zvichienderana nematambudziko akasiyana pamusoro pehupenyu hwemunda uye mamiriro emvura.Muchikamu chekutanga chekugadzira mvura isati yabuda matambudziko makuru anogona kunge akasiyana neaya ekupera kwehupenyu kazhinji ane chekuita nekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemvura.Kuchinja kubva kune isiri-aqueous solvent based inhibitor yakadai seasphalt ene inhibitor kuenda kumakemikari emvura akadai se scale inhibitor inogona kupa matambudziko nekuenderana.Saka zvakakosha kuti titarise kuenderana uye kugona uye mashandisirwo emaspacers kana yakarongwa kushandura kemikari mumutsara wejekiseni remakemikari.

Zvishandiso

Nezvekuenderana kwezvinhu,makemikari ose anofanira kuwirirana nezvisimbiso,elastomers,gaskets uye zvinhu zvekuvaka zvinoshandiswa mumakemikari jekiseni system uye chirimwa chekugadzira.Maitirwo ekuyedza ekuora kwemakemikari (eg acidic scale inhibitor) yekuenderera mberi jekiseni pasi pegomba inofanira kugadzirwa.Kune yega yega application yakawedzerwa corrosivity kuyedzwa kunofanirwa kuitwa jekiseni remakemikari risati raitwa.

Kukurukurirana

Zvakanakira nekuipira kweinoramba ichidzika pasi pemakemikari jekiseni zvinofanirwa kuongororwa.Kuenderera mberi jekiseni re scale inhibitor kuchengetedza iyo DHS Vor iyo tubing yekugadzira inzira inoyevedza yekudzivirira tsime kubva pachiyero.Sezvataurwa mubepa rino pane akati wandei matambudziko nekuenderera mberi downhole kemikari jekiseni,zvisinei kuti kuderedze njodzi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise zviitiko zvakabatana nemhinduro.

Imwe nzira yekudzikisa njodzi ndeyekutarisa bvunzo nzira yekuvandudza.Kuenzaniswa netopside kana subsea kemikari jekiseni kune akasiyana uye akanyanya kuomarara mamiriro pasi mutsime.Maitiro ekufanirwa kwemakemikari ekuenderera mberi majekiseni emakemikari downhole anofanirwa kufunga nezve shanduko idzi mumamiriro ezvinhu.Kukodzera kwemakemikari kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nechinhu icho makemikari anogona kusangana nacho.Izvo zvinodikanwa zvekuenderana hunhu uye kuyedzwa pamamiriro ezvinhu anoteedzera nepedyo sezvinobvira akasiyana tsime ehupenyu hwehupenyu masisitimu anozoshanda pasi pawo anofanirwa kuvandudzwa uye kuitwa.Iyo yekuyedza nzira yekuvandudza inofanirwa kuvandudzwa mberi kune yechokwadi uye inomiririra bvunzo.

Pamusoro pe,kudyidzana pakati pemakemikari nemidziyo yakakosha pakubudirira.Kuvandudzwa kwemajekiseni emakemikari mavharuvhu kunofanirwa kutarisisa makemikari zvimiro uye nzvimbo yejekiseni vharafu mutsime.Inofanirwa kutariswa sekubatanidza mavharuvhu chaiwo ejekiseni sechikamu chemidziyo yekuyedza uye kutakura-kuita bvunzo yechiyero inhibitor uye dhizaini yevharuvhu sechikamu chechirongwa chekufanirwa.Kukodzera scale inhibitors,chakanyanya kutarisisa chave chiri pamatambudziko ekuita uye kudzikamisa zviyero,asi chiyero chakanaka inhibition inoenderana nekugadzikana uye kuenderera jekiseni.Pasina jekiseni rakagadzikana uye rinoenderera mberi mukana wechiyero uchawedzera.Kana iyo scale inhibitor jekiseni valve iri gunk ed uye pasina scale inhibitor jekiseni mukati memvura inoyerera.,tsime uye chengetedzo mavharuvhu haana kudzivirirwa kubva pachiyero uye saka yakachengeteka kugadzirwa kunogona kuva pangozi.Maitiro ekufanirwa anofanirwa kutarisira matambudziko ane chekuita nejekiseni reiyo scale inhibitor mukuwedzera kune dambudziko rekuita uye kushanda kweiyo qualified scale inhibitor.

Iyo nzira nyowani inosanganisira akati wandei uye kubatirana pakati pezvirango uye mamwe mabasa anofanirwa kujekeswa.Mune iyi application iyo topside process system,subsea matemplate uye dhizaini uye kupedzisa kunobatanidzwa.Multi-discipline network yakatarisana nekugadzira yakasimba mhinduro dzemakemikari jekiseni masisitimu akakosha uye pamwe nzira yekubudirira.Kukurukurirana pakati pezvidzidzo zvakasiyana kwakakosha;kunyanya kutaurirana kwepedyo pakati pemakemikari ane masimba emakemikari akaiswa uye matsime mainjiniya ane kutonga kwemidziyo inoshandiswa mutsime kwakakosha.Kuti unzwisise matambudziko akasiyana-siyana uye kudzidza kubva kune mumwe nemumwe zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuoma kwemaitiro ese.

Mhedziso

● Kuenderera mberi jekiseni re scale inhibitor kuchengetedza DHS Vor iyo tubhing yekugadzira inzira inoyevedza yekudzivirira tsime rekuyera.

● Kugadzirisa matambudziko akaonekwa,zvinotevera zvinokurudzirwa ndizvo:

● Nzira yakatsaurirwa yeDHCI inofanirwa kuitwa.

● Kufanirwa nzira yemakemikari jekiseni mavharuvhu

● Kuedza uye nzira dzekodzero dzekushanda kwemakemikari

● Kugadzira nzira

● Kuongororwa kwezvinhu kwakakodzera

● Kudyidzana kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana apo kutaurirana pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatanidzwa kwakakosha pakubudirira.

Kutenda

Munyori anoda kuonga Statoil AS A nokuda kwemvumo yekubudisa basa iri uye Baker Hughes naSchlumberger nekubvumira kushandiswa kwechifananidzo muFig.2.

Nomenclature

(Ba/Sr)SO4=barium/strontium sulphate

CaCO3=calcium carbonate

DHCI = jekiseni remakemikari rinodzika pasi

DHSV=downhole security valve

eg=semuenzaniso

GOR=gasoil ratio

HSE = nharaunda yekuchengetedza hutano

HPHT=high pressure high tembiricha

ID=dhayamita remukati

kureva=ndizvo

km=makiromita

mm=mirimita

MEG=mono ethylene glycol

mMD=mita yakayerwa kudzika

OD=dhayamita rekunze

SI=scale inhibitor

mTV D=mita yakazara kudzika kwakadzikama

U-chubhu=U-chubhu yakaumbwa

VPD=vapor pressure depressant

Mufananidzo 1

Mufananidzo 1. Mhedziso ye subsea uye downhole makemikari jekiseni masisitimu mune atypical field.Sketch yemakemikari jekiseni kumusoro kwerukova DHSV uye zvine hukama zvinotarisirwa matambudziko.DHS V=downhole vharafu, PWV=process wing valve uye PM V= process master valve.

Mufananidzo 2

Mufananidzo 2. Sketch yeatypical downhole chemical injection system ine mandrel uye valve.Iyo sisitimu yakasungirirwa kumusoro kwakawanda, kudyiswa kuburikidza-uye yakabatana kune tubing hanger pa annular side ye tubing.Iyo kemikari jekiseni mandrel inogara yakaiswa yakadzika mutsime nechinangwa chekupa makemikari ekudzivirira.

Mufananidzo 3

Mufananidzo 3. Yakajairika tsime barrier schematic,apo ruvara rwebhuruu runomiririra emvuropu yetsime rekutanga;munyaya iyi tubing yekugadzira.Muvara mutsvuku unomiririra yechipiri chipingamupinyi envelopu;the casing.Kudivi rekuruboshwe kunoratidzwa jekiseni remakemikari, mutsara wakasviba une jekiseni kunzvimbo yekugadzira tubing munzvimbo yakatsvuka (secondary barriers).

Mufananidzo 4

Mufananidzo 4. Gomba rine gomba rinowanikwa muchikamu chepamusoro che 3/8” jekiseni.Nzvimbo iyi inoratidzwa muchidimbu cheatypical tsime barrier schematic, yakanyorwa neorenji ellipse.

Mufananidzo 5

Mufananidzo 5. Kurwiswa kwakanyanya kwekuora pa7" 3% Chrome tubing.Chimiro chinoratidza kurwiswa kwecorrosion mushure me scale inhibitor yakapfapfaidzwa kubva kune pitted kemikari jekiseni mutsetse kuenda kune yekugadzira tubing.

Mufananidzo 6

Mufananidzo 6. Debris inowanikwa mumakemikari jekiseni valve.Iyo marara mune iyi kesi yaive simbi shavings pamwe kubva pakugadzika maitiro mukuwedzera kune mamwe machena tsvina.Kuongororwa kwemarara machena kwakaratidza kuve mapolymer ane chemistry yakafanana neyekemikari yakabaiwa


Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-27-2022