Zvinotevera ndizvo Zvikonzero Zvikuru Zvokumhanyisa Casing Mutsime:
chengetedza mvura yakachena-mvura aquifers (pamusoro casing)
ipa simba rekugadzika kwemidziyo yemusoro, kusanganisira maBOP
kupa kumanikidza kutendeseka kuitira kuti midziyo yetsime, kusanganisira maBOP, ivharwe
vhara maumbirwo anobvinza kana akatsemuka panorasika zvinwiwa zvekuchera
simbisa maumbirwo akaderera-simba kuitira kuti simba repamusoro (uye kazhinji kudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro) maumbirwo anogona kupinzwa zvakachengeteka.
vhara nzvimbo dzinodzvanyirira zvakanyanya kuitira kuti maumbirwo epasi akwanise kudhiriwa nekudzika kwemvura yekuchera
nama zviumbwa zvinonetsa, zvakaita semunyu unoyerera
tevedzera zvinodiwa nemutemo (zvinowanzo enderana nechimwe chezvinhu zvakanyorwa pamusoro).
Casing
Pombi yakakura-dhayamita yakadzikiswa mugomba rakazaruka uye yakasimbiswa panzvimbo.Mugadziri wematsime anofanirwa kugadzira casing kuti akwanise kushingirira akasiyana masimba, sekudonha, kuputika, uye kutadza kusimba, pamwe chete nemakemikari ane hukasha.Majoini mazhinji anogadzirwa neshinda dzechirume kumagumo ega ega, uye machira mapfupi-akareba ane shinda dzechikadzi anoshandiswa kubatanidza majoini ega ega ega ega pamwe chete, kana majoini ecasing anogona kugadzirwa neshinda dzechirume kune rumwe rutivi uye shinda dzechikadzi pa. zvimwe.Casing inomhanya kuchengetedza maumbirwo emvura yakachena, kupatsanura nzvimbo yakarasika yekudzoka, kana kupatsanura maumbirwo ane dhigirii rakasiyana.Kushanda panguva iyo casing inoiswa mutsime inowanzonzi "running pipe."Casing inowanzogadzirwa kubva plain kabhoni simbi inodziya-inopiswa kune akasiyana masimba asi inogona kugadzirwa zvakanyanya nesimbi isina tsvina, aluminium, titanium, fiberglass, uye zvimwe zvinhu.
Zvakanaka Kudzora
Iyo tekinoroji yakanangana nekuchengetedza kudzvanywa kweakavhurika maumbirwo (kureva, akafumurwa kutsime) kudzivirira kana kutungamira kuyerera kwemvura yekugadzira mutsime.Iyi tekinoroji inosanganisa fungidziro yekuumbwa kwemvura yekumanikidza, simba rekuumbwa kwepasi pepasi uye kushandiswa kwekasi uye dhaka density kudzikamisa izvo zvinomanikidza nenzira inofanotaurwa.Zvinosanganisirwawo maitiro ekumisa tsime zvakachengetedzeka kuti risayerera kana pakaitika mvura yekugadzira.Kuita maitiro ekudzora zvakanaka, mavharuvhu makuru anoiswa pamusoro petsime kuti vashandi vepatsime vavhare tsime kana zvichidikanwa.
Drill Pipe
Tubular simbi conduit yakarukwa nemipendero yakakosha inonzi majoini emudziyo.Chibooreso chinobatanidza midziyo yekurigisa neyepasi peburi uye bhiti, zvose kupomba mvura yekuchera kusvika pabhiti uye kukwanisa kusimudza, kudzikisa uye kutenderedza gungano repazasi nebhiti.
Liner
Tambo yecasing isingaenderere kumusoro kwetsime, asi panzvimbo pezvo inosungirirwa kana kuti yakaturikwa kubva mukati mezasi kwetambo yecasing yapfuura.Hapana mutsauko pakati pecasing joints pachavo.Kubatsira kune tsime rekugadzira re liner ndiko kuchengetedza kwakawanda musimbi, uye nekudaro mari inodhura.Kuti uchengetedze casing, zvisinei, mamwe maturusi uye njodzi inobatanidzwa.Mugadziri wematsime anofanira kuchinjanisa maturusi ekuwedzera, kuomesesa uye njodzi pamusoro pezvingango chengeterwa mari pakusarudza kuti ogadzira liner here kana kuti casing tambo inoenda kumusoro kwetsime ("tambo refu").Iyo liner inogona kuiswa nezvikamu zvakakosha kuitira kuti igone kubatanidzwa kumusoro pane imwe nguva inotevera kana zvichidikanwa.
Choke Line
Iyo yakakwira-kudzvanywa pombi inotungamira kubva pakubuda paBOP stack kuenda kubackpressure inodzipwa uye yakabatana yakawanda.Panguva yekushanda zvakanaka, mvura iri pasi pekumanikidzwa mutsime inoyerera ichibuda mutsime kuburikidza nemutsetse wekukachidzwa ichienda kunokachidzwa, ichideredza kudzvanywa kwemvura kumhepo yemhepo.Mukuyangarara kwemahombekombe, mitsara inokachidza nekuuraya inobuda pasi pegungwa BOP stack yobva yamhanya nekunze kwechibhorani chekuchera kusvika pamusoro.Iyo volumetric uye frictional mhedzisiro yeaya marefu ekudzipa nekuuraya mitsetse inofanirwa kutariswa kudzora zvakanaka tsime.
Bop Stack
Seti ye maviri kana anopfuura maBOP anoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekudzora kudzora kwetsime.Chitubu chakajairwa chinogona kunge chine vadziviriri verudzi rwegondohwe rimwechete kusvika kunhanhatu uye, nesarudzo, mumwechete kana maviri anodzivirira erudzi rwe annular.Iyo yakajairwa stack gadziriso ine makondohwe ekudzivirira pazasi uye annular kudzivirira kumusoro.
Iyo yekumisikidzwa kweanodzivirira stack yakagadziridzwa kuti ipe yakanyanya kudzvinyirira kutendeseka, kuchengetedzwa uye kuchinjika muchiitiko chechiitiko chekutonga zvakanaka.Semuyenzaniso, mukumisikidzwa kwegondohwe rakawanda, rimwe boka remakondohwe rinogona kuiswa kuti rivharwe pa5-in-diameter drillpipe, imwe seti yakagadzirirwa 4 1/2-in drillpipe, yechitatu yakaiswa nemakondohwe mapofu kuvhara paburi, uye yechina yakashongedzwa negondohwe rekugera rinogona kucheka nekurembera papombi senzira yekupedzisira.
Zvakajairika kuve neanodzivirira anodzivirira kana maviri pamusoro pechitubu sezvo annular inogona kuvharwa pamusoro pehupamhi hwesaizi tubular saizi uye yakavhurika, asi kazhinji haina kuyerwa kumanikidzwa kwakakwira sekudzivirira kwemakondohwe.Iyo BOP stack inosanganisirawo spools akasiyana, adapta uye pombi dzepombi kubvumira kutenderera kwemvura yemutsime pasi pekumanikidzwa kana chiitiko chekutonga kwetsime.
Choke Manifold
A set of high-pressure valves uye yakabatana pombi iyo inowanzobatanidza kanenge kaviri inogadziriswa inodzipwa, yakarongedzwa kuitira kuti imwe inogadziriswa yakachinga inogona kuparadzaniswa uye kubviswa kunze kwebasa rekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa apo tsime rinoyerera richitungamirirwa nemumwe.
Reservoir
Iyo subsurface body yedombo ine porosity yakakwana uye permeability kuchengeta uye kufambisa mvura.Sedimentary matombo ndiwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa matombo emvura nekuti ane porosity yakawanda kupfuura yakawanda igneous uye metamorphic matombo uye anoumba pasi petembiricha mamiriro ayo mahydrocarbon anogona kuchengetedzwa.Dziva remvura chinhu chakakosha chegadziriro yakakwana yepetroleum.
Kupedzisa
Iyo Hardware inoshandiswa kukwenenzvera kugadzirwa kwemahydrocarbon kubva mutsime.Izvi zvinogona kubva pane chimwe chinhu kunze kwekunge mutakuri wetubing pamusoro pekuzaruka kwekuzadzikiswa ("isina shangu" kupera), kune sisitimu yemagetsi kusefa zvinhu kunze kwepombi ine perforated, kune yakazara otomatiki kuyerwa uye kutonga sisitimu inogonesa hupfumi hwedura pasina kupindira kwevanhu (an "kungwara" kupera).
Production Tubing
Chitubu chemutsime chinoshandiswa kugadzira zvinwiwa zvemvura.Tubing yekugadzira inounganidzwa pamwe nezvimwe zvikamu zvekupedzisa kugadzira tambo yekugadzira.Iyo tubing yekugadzira inosarudzwa chero kupedzwa kunofanirwa kuenderana neyebore geometry, maitiro ekugadzira reservoir uye zvinwiwa zvemvura.
Jekiseni Line
Iyo diki-diameter conduit inofambiswa padivi pekugadzira tubulars kugonesa jekiseni remainhibitors kana mamwe marapiro panguva yekugadzira.Mamiriro ezvinhu akadai seyakakwira hydrogen sulfide [H2S] kudzika kana kuomesesa chiyero chinogona kupikiswa nejekiseni remishonga yemakemikari uye inhibitors panguva yekugadzirwa.
Inhibitor
Kemikari inowedzerwa kune inoyerera system kudzoreredza kana kudzivirira kuita kusingafadzi kunoitika mukati memvura kana nezvinhu zviripo munzvimbo yakapoteredza.Rudzi rwema inhibitors runowanzoshandiswa mukugadzira uye kusevhisi matsime emafuta uye gasi, senge corrosion inhibitors anoshandiswa mukurapa acidizing kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwechikamu chetsime uye inhibitors inoshandiswa panguva yekugadzira kudzora mhedzisiro yehydrogen sulfide [H2S].
Chemical Jekiseni
Izwi rakajairwa remajekiseni maitiro anoshandisa yakakosha makemikari mhinduro kunatsiridza kudzoreredza kweoiri, kubvisa kukuvadzwa kwekuumbwa, kucheneswa kwakavharika perforations kana maumbirwo akaturikidzana, kuderedza kana kumisa kutu, kusimudzira mafuta asina kuchena, kana kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemafuta asina kuchena.Jekiseni rinogona kupihwa nguva dzose, mumabhechi, mumatsime ejekiseni, kana dzimwe nguva mumatsime ekugadzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-27-2022