Surface-Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve (SCSSV)

Kudzora Mutsetse

Mutsetse diki-diameter hydraulic mutsetse unoshandiswa kushandisa downhole kupedzisa midziyo yakadai seyepamusoro inodzorwa pasi pepamusoro pekuchengetedza vharafu (SCSSV).Mazhinji masisitimu anoshandiswa neanodzora mutsara anoshanda pane inotadza-yakachengeteka hwaro.Mune iyi modhi, mutsara wekutonga unoramba uchimanikidzwa nguva dzese.Chero kuvuza kana kutadza kunokonzeresa kurasikirwa kwekudzora mutsara kudzvanywa, kuita kuvhara vharafu yekuchengetedza uye kupa tsime rakachengeteka.

Surface-Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve (SCSSV)

A downhole kuchengetedza vharafu iyo inoshandiswa kubva pamusoro pezvivakwa kuburikidza netambo yekudzora yakasungirirwa kune yekunze pamusoro peiyo tubhing yekugadzira.Mhando mbiri dzekutanga dzeSCSV dzakajairika: wireline inogona kudzoserwa, iyo iyo huru yekudzivirira-vhavhavha inogona kumhanya nekudzoserwa pane inotsvedza, uye tubing inogona kudzoserwa, umo iyo yese yekuchengetedza-vhavhavha inoiswa netambo yechubhu.Iyo yekudzora sisitimu inoshanda mukutadza-yakachengeteka modhi, ine hydraulic control pressure inoshandiswa kubata yakavhurika bhora kana flapper musangano unozovhara kana kudzora kudzvinyirira kwarasika.

Downhole Safety Valve (Dsv)

Mudziyo wekudzikisa mugodhi unoparadzanisa kudzvanywa kwegomba uye zvinwiwa kana pakaitika dambudziko kana kutadza kusiririsa kwemidziyo yepamusoro.Masisitimu ekudzora anosanganisirwa nemavharuvhu ekuchengetedza anogaroiswa mune yekutadza-yakachengeteka modhi, zvekuti chero kukanganisa kana kusashanda kwehurongwa kuchaita kuti vharafu rekuchengetedza rivharwe kuti riite tsime rakachengeteka.Downhole mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza akaiswa munenge matsime ese uye anowanzo pasi pekuomarara kwenzvimbo kana yedunhu zvinodiwa zvemutemo.

Production String

Iyo yekutanga conduit kuburikidza iyo reservoir fluid inogadzirwa pamusoro.Tambo yekugadzira inowanzo kuunganidzwa netubing uye kupedzisa zvikamu mukugadzirisa kunoenderana nemamiriro etsime uye nzira yekugadzira.Basa rakakosha retambo yekugadzira kuchengetedza machubhu ekutanga etsime, kusanganisira casing uye liner, kubva mukuora kana kukukurwa nemvura inochengeterwa mvura.

Subsurface Safety Valve (Sssv)

Mudziyo wekuchengetedza wakaiswa mutsime repamusoro kuti upe kuvharwa kwechimbichimbi kwemakonditi anogadzira kana paitika njodzi.Mhando mbiri dzepasi pekuchengetedza vharafu dziripo: pamusoro-inodzorwa uye pasi pevhu inodzorwa.Muchiitiko chega chega, iyo yekuchengetedza-vhavha system yakagadzirirwa kukundikana-yakachengeteka, kuitira kuti chitubu chive chakasarudzika kana paine kutadza kwehurongwa kana kukuvadzwa kune pamusoro pekugadzira-kutonga zvivakwa.

Pressure:Simba rinogoverwa pamusoro pepamusoro, rinowanzoyerwa mumapaundi simba paskweya inch, kana lbf/in2, kana psi, mumayuniti enzvimbo yemafuta ekuUS.Iyo metric unit yesimba ndiyo pascal (Pa), uye misiyano yayo: megapascal (MPa) uye kilopascal (kPa).

Production Tubing

Chitubu chemutsime chinoshandiswa kugadzira zvinwiwa zvemvura.Tubing yekugadzira inounganidzwa pamwe nezvimwe zvikamu zvekupedzisa kugadzira tambo yekugadzira.Iyo tubing yekugadzira inosarudzwa chero kupedzwa kunofanirwa kuenderana neyebore geometry, maitiro ekugadzira reservoir uye zvinwiwa zvemvura.

Casing

Pombi yakakura-dhayamita yakadzikiswa mugomba rakazaruka uye yakasimbiswa panzvimbo.Mugadziri wematsime anofanirwa kugadzira casing kuti akwanise kushingirira akasiyana masimba, sekudonha, kuputika, uye kutadza kusimba, pamwe chete nemakemikari ane hukasha.Majoini mazhinji anogadzirwa neshinda dzechirume kumagumo ega ega, uye machira mapfupi-akareba ane shinda dzechikadzi anoshandiswa kubatanidza majoini ega ega ega ega pamwe chete, kana majoini ecasing anogona kugadzirwa neshinda dzechirume kune rumwe rutivi uye shinda dzechikadzi pa. zvimwe.Casing inomhanya kuchengetedza maumbirwo emvura yakachena, kupatsanura nzvimbo yakarasika yekudzoka, kana kupatsanura maumbirwo ane dhigirii rakasiyana.Kushanda panguva iyo casing inoiswa mutsime inowanzonzi "running pipe."Casing inowanzogadzirwa kubva plain kabhoni simbi inodziya-inopiswa kune akasiyana masimba asi inogona kugadzirwa zvakanyanya nesimbi isina tsvina, aluminium, titanium, fiberglass, uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Kugadzira Packer:Chishandiso chinoshandiswa kupatsanura annulus uye kumisa kana kuchengetedza pasi pekugadzira tubing tambo.Yakasiyana yekugadzira packer dhizaini inowanikwa kuti ienderane netsime jiometry uye maitiro ekugadzira emvura dzemvura.

Hydraulic Packer:Mhando yepakiti inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira maapplication.A hydraulic packer kazhinji anogadzikwa achishandisa hydraulic pressure inoshandiswa kuburikidza netambo yechubhu kwete simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa nekugadzirisa tubing tambo.

Sealbore Packer

Mhando yekugadzira packer iyo inobatanidza chisimbiso chinogamuchira chisimbiso musangano wakaiswa pazasi petubhing yekugadzira.Iyo sealbore packer inowanzoiswa pawaya kuti igone kudzika kwakadzika kuwirirana.Kune maapplication ayo matubhi makuru ekufamba anotarisirwa, sezvingave zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekupisa, iyo sealbore packer uye seal assembly basa sechinhu chinotsvedza.

Casing Joint:Hurefu hwepombi yesimbi, kazhinji inotenderera 40-mamita [13-mamita] ine shinda ine shinda kumagumo ega ega.Majoini eCasing anounganidzwa kuti aite tambo yecasing yehurefu hwakakodzera uye kutsanangurwa kwegomba rayakaiswa.

Casing Giredhi

Iyo sisitimu yekuziva uye kupatsanura simba rezvinhu zvecasing.Sezvo mazhinji emunzvimbo yemafuta casing ari echemistry yakafanana (kazhinji simbi) uye inosiyana chete mukupisa kunoshandiswa, iyo grading system inopa masimba akajairwa ekesi kuti agadzirwe uye ashandiswe mumatsime.Chikamu chekutanga chezita rezita, tsamba, inoreva kusimba kwesimba.Chikamu chechipiri chezita, nhamba, inoreva kusimba kwegoho shoma resimbi (mushure mekupisa kupisa) pa1,000 psi [6895 KPa].Semuenzaniso, giredhi recasing J-55 rine simba regoho ridiki re55,000 psi [379,211 KPa].Casing giredhi P-110 inoratidzira pombi ine simba repamusoro ine simba shoma regoho re110,000 psi [758,422 KPa].Iyo yakakodzera casing giredhi kune chero application kazhinji yakavakirwa pakumanikidza uye ngura zvinodiwa.Sezvo mugadziri wematsime ane hanya nezvekubereka kwepombi pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekurodha, giredhi recasing ndiyo nhamba inoshandiswa mukuverenga kwakawanda.High-simba casing zvinhu zvinodhura zvakanyanya, saka tambo yecasing inogona kusanganisira maviri kana anopfuura magiredhi ecasing kuti awedzere mari uchichengetedza yakakwana mechanical performance pamusoro pehurefu hwetambo.Izvo zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti, kazhinji, iyo yakakwirira yegoho simba, iyo inonyanya kunetseka iyo casing ndeye sulfide stress cracking (H2S-induced cracking).Nokudaro, kana H2S ichitarisirwa, mugadziri wetsime angave asingakwanisi kushandisa tubulars nesimba rakakwirira sezvaanoda.

Joint: Nzvimbo yekutsemuka, kutsemuka kana kupatsanurwa mukati medombo umo pasina kufamba kunofambirana nendege inotsanangura.Kushandiswa kwevamwe vanyori kunogona kuve kwakanyanya: Kana madziro ekutyoka angofamba zvakajairika kune mumwe nemumwe, kuputsika kunonzi mubatanidzwa.

Slip Joint: Majoini eteresikopu ari pamusoro arikuyangarara ari kunze kwemahombekombe anobvumira kusimuka kwechikepe (vertical motion) uchichengetedza pombi inokwidza kumusoro pasi pegungwa.Ngarava painosimuka, teresikopu inotsvedza ichipinda kana kubuda nechiyero chimwe kuitira kuti chinosimudza chiri pazasi pejoinhi rinotsvedza chisakanganiswa nekufamba kwemudziyo.

Wireline: Inoenderana nechero chikamu chekutema matanda chinoshandisa tambo yemagetsi kudzikisa maturusi mugomba uye kufambisa data.Kutema matanda kwewaya kwakasiyana nezviyero-pakuchera (MWD) uye kutema matanda.

Drilling Riser: Pombi ine dhayamita hombe inobatanidza subsea BOP stack kune inoyangarara pamusoro rig kutora madhaka anodzokera pamusoro.Pasina mukwidza, ivhu raingoyerera richibuda pamusoro pemurwi richienda pasi pegungwa.Musimu wemvura unogona kutorwa sekuwedzera kwechinguva kwegomba pamusoro.

BOP

Ivharuvhu hombe pamusoro petsime rinogona kuvharwa kana vashandi vekuchera vakarasikirwa nekudzora kwemvura yekuumba.Nekuvhara iyi vharuvhu (inowanzo shandiswa kure kure kuburikidza ne hydraulic actuators), vashandi vekuchera vanowanzodzora kutonga kwechidziva, uye maitiro anogona kuzotangwa kuti awedzere dhaka density kusvikira zvave kukwanisika kuvhura BOP uye kuchengetedza kudzvinyirira kutonga kwekuumbwa.

MaBOP anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, saizi, uye chiyero chekumanikidza.

Vamwe vanogona kunyatsovhara pamusoro petsime rakavhurika.

Zvimwe zvakagadzirirwa kuvhara zvakatenderedza tubular zvikamu mutsime (drillpipe, casing, kana tubing).

Mamwe akaiswa simbi dzakaomeswa dzekuveura dzinokwanisa kucheka nepapipe yekuboora.

Nekuti maBOP akakosha zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi, rig, uye tsime pacharo, maBOP anoongororwa, anoedzwa, uye anogadziridzwa nguva nenguva inotemerwa nemusanganiswa wekuongorora njodzi, tsika yenzvimbo, mhando yematsime, uye zvinodiwa nemutemo.BOP bvunzo dzinosiyana kubva pamazuva ese ekuyedzwa kwebasa pamatsime akakosha kusvika pamwedzi kana kushoma kuyedza pamatsime anofungidzirwa kuti ane mukana wakaderera wematambudziko ekudzora matsime.

Tensile Strength: Simba pachikamu chemuchinjiko-chikamu chinodiwa kudhonza chinhu chakaparadzaniswa.

Goho: Vhoriyamu inogarwa nesaga rimwe resimende yakaoma mushure mekusanganiswa nemvura nezvinowedzerwa kuita slurry ye density inodiwa.Goho rinowanzo kuratidzwa mumayuniti eUS se cubic tsoka pasaga (ft3/sk).

Sulfide Stress Cracking

Rudzi rwekuzviitira brittle kutadza musimbi uye mamwe alloys akasimba-akakwira paanenge asangana nehunyoro hwehydrogen sulfide nedzimwe nzvimbo dze sulfidic.Majoini emidziyo, zvikamu zvakaomeswa zvezvidziviriri zvinoputika uye mavharuvhu trim zvinonyanya kubatwa.Nechikonzero ichi, pamwe nenjodzi dzehupfu hwehydrogen sulfide gasi, zvakakosha kuti madhaka emvura achengetwe asina soluble sulfides uye kunyanya hydrogen sulfide pane yakaderera pH.Sulfide stress cracking inonziwo hydrogen sulfide cracking, sulfide cracking, sulfide corrosion cracking uye sulfide stress-corrosion cracking.Kusiyana kwezita kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwekubvumirana mukugadzirisa kwekukundikana.Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanofunga kuti sulfide-stress cracking rudzi rwekushungurudzika-kuparara kwekuputika, asi vamwe vanozviona semhando yehydrogen embrittlement.

Hydrogen sulfide

[H2S] Gasi rine muchetura unoshamisa rine mamolecular formula yeH2S.Pakadzika pasi, H2S ine hwema hwemazai akaora, asi pakakwirira, inouraya, haina hwema.H2S ine njodzi kuvashandi uye masekonzi mashoma ekuratidzwa panzvimbo yakaderera anogona kuuraya, asi kuratidzwa kune yakadzika mazinga kunogona zvakare kukuvadza.Mhedzisiro yeH2S inoenderana nehurefu hwenguva, kuwanda uye kusimba kwekuratidzwa pamwe nekunzwa kwemunhu.Hydrogen sulfide injodzi yakakomba uye inogona kuuraya, saka kuziva, kuona uye kuongororwa kweH2S kwakakosha.Sezvo hydrogen sulfide gasi iripo mune mamwe maumbirwo epasi pevhu, kuchera uye vamwe vashandi vanoshanda vanofanirwa kugadzirira kushandisa michina yekuona, midziyo yekudzivirira yemunhu, kudzidziswa kwakaringana uye nzira dzenjodzi munzvimbo dzeH2S.Hydrogen sulfide inogadzirwa panguva yekuora kweorganic matter uye inoitika nemahydrocarbon mune dzimwe nzvimbo.Iyo inopinda mukuchera madhaka kubva pasi pevhu uye inogona zvakare kugadzirwa nesarufa-inoderedza mabhakitiriya mumadhaka akachengetwa.H2S inogona kukonzera sulfide-stress-corrosion kuparuka kwesimbi.Nekuti inoora, kugadzirwa kweH2S kungangoda midziyo yekugadzira inodhura yakadai sesimbi isina tsvina.Sulfides inogona kunayiswa zvisina ngozi kubva mumadhaka emvura kana madhaka emafuta nemishonga ine sulfide scavenger yakakodzera.H2S iasidhi isina simba, inopa maion ehydrogen maviri mukusagadzikana kwemaitiro, achigadzira HS- uye S-2 ions.Mumvura kana mvura-yakadzika madhaka, marudzi matatu e sulfide, H2S uye HS- uye S-2 ions, ari mukuenzanisa kunochinja nemvura uye H+ neOH- ions.Kugoverwa kwezana pakati pemarudzi matatu esulfide kunoenderana nepH.H2S inotonga pane yakaderera pH, iyo HS-ion inotonga pakati pe-pH uye S2 ions inotonga pakakwirira pH.Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekuenzanisa aya, sulfide ions inodzokera kuH2S kana pH yadonha.Sulfides mumatope emvura uye madhaka emafuta anogona kuyerwa neiyo Garrett Gasi Chitima zvinoenderana nematanho akaiswa neAPI.

Casing String

Hurefu hwakaunganidzwa hwepombi yesimbi yakagadziridzwa kuti ienderane netsime chairo.Zvikamu zvepombi zvakabatanidzwa uye zvinodzikiswa mutsime, zvozoiswa simende panzvimbo.Majoini epombi anowanzo kureba anenge mamita gumi nemaviri, echirume akarukwa kumucheto kwega kwega uye akabatanidzwa nehurefu hupfupi hwepombi ine shinda yemukadzi kaviri inonzi couplings.Tambo dzekasingi dzakareba dzingada zvinhu zvesimba zvakakwirira pachikamu chepamusoro chetambo kuti zvimire kurema kwetambo.Zvikamu zvezasi zvetambo zvinogona kuunganidzwa nekese yeukobvu hukuru hwemadziro kuti zvimire kudzvinyirirwa kwakanyanya kungangoitika pakadzika.Casing inomhanyiswa kudzivirira kana kupatsanura maumbirwo ari padyo netsime.