Kugadzirwa kweOiri muOilfields
Mitsetse yekudzora inoshanda sei mumatsime?
Kudzora mitsetse inogonesa kutapurirana kwezviratidzo, bvumidza downhole data kutora, uye bvumidza kutonga uye activation ye downhole zviridzwa.
Murairo uye masaini ekudzora anogona kutumirwa kubva panzvimbo iri pamusoro kuenda kune iyo downhole mudziyo mutsime.Dhata kubva kudownhole sensors inogona kutumirwa kune masisitimu epamusoro kuti aongororwe kana kushandiswa mune mamwe mabasa etsime.
Downhole kuchengetedza mavharuvhu (DHSVs) ari pamusoro anodzorwa pasi-pamusoro pekuchengetedza mavharuvhu (SCSSV) hydraulically anoshandiswa kubva pane control panel pamusoro.Kana hydraulic pressure ikaiswa pasi pemutsetse wekudzora, dzvinyiriro inomanikidza sleeve mukati mevharuvhu kuti isverere pasi, ichivhura vharuvhu.Pakusunungura hydraulic pressure, valve inovhara.
Mitsetse yeMeilong Tube's downhole hydraulic mitsara inoshandiswa zvakanyanya senzira dzekukurukurirana dze hydraulically dzakashanda downhole zvishandiso mumafuta, gasi, uye matsime ejekiseni remvura, uko kusimba uye kuramba kune zvakanyanya mamiriro zvinodiwa.Iyi mitsetse inogona kuve yakagadziridzwa kune akasiyana maapplication uye downhole components.
Zvese zvakavharirwa zvinhu zvakagadzika hydrolytically uye zvinowirirana nezvose zvakajairwa tsime kupedza zvinwiwa, kusanganisira high-pressure gasi.Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunoenderana nemaitiro akasiyana siyana, anosanganisira kupisa kwepasi, kuoma, kusimba uye kubvarura simba, kunyura kwemvura uye gasi permeability, oxidation, uye abrasion uye makemikari kuramba.
Kudzora mitsetse yakaitwa yakakura kukura, kusanganisira kupwanya kuyedzwa uye yakakwirira-kumanikidza autoclave zvakanaka simulation.Murabhoritari kupwanya bvunzo dzakaratidza kuwedzera kurodha pasi peiyo yakavharidzirwa tubing inogona kuchengetedza kushanda kwekuvimbika, kunyanya panoshandiswa waya-strand "bumper waya".
Mitsetse yekudzora inoshandiswa kupi?
★ Matsime ane njere anoda kushanda uye reservoir manejimendi mabhenefiti ezvishandiso zvekuyerera-kuyerera nekuda kwemitengo kana njodzi dzekupindira kana kusakwanisa kutsigira hupfumi hwepamusoro hunodiwa munzvimbo iri kure.
★ Nyika, chikuva, kana nzvimbo dzepasi pegungwa.
Geothermal Power Generation
Plant Types
Kune marudzi matatu ezvidyarwa zvegeothermal zvinoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi.Mhando yechirimwa inotemerwa zvakanyanya nechimiro cheiyo geothermal resource panzvimbo.
Iyo inonzi yakananga steam geothermal plant inoshandiswa apo geothermal resource inogadzira mhepo yakananga kubva mutsime.Iyo steam, mushure mokupfuura nepakati pekuparadzanisa (inobvisa diki jecha nematombo ematombo) inopihwa kune turbine.Aya ndiwo aive emhando dzekutanga dzezvirimwa zvakagadziridzwa muItari uye muUS Nehurombo, zviwanikwa zvemupfuti ndizvo zvisingaite pane zvese zviwanikwa zvegeothermal uye zviripo munzvimbo shoma chete pasirese.Zviripachena zvidyarwa zvemupfu hazvaizoshandiswa kune yakaderera-tembiricha zviwanikwa.
Flash steam zvidyarwa zvinoshandiswa muzviitiko apo geothermal sosi inoburitsa yakanyanya-tembiricha mvura inopisa kana musanganiswa weutsi nemvura inopisa.Mvura inobva mutsime inoendeswa kune tangi inopenya apo chikamu chemvura chinopenya kusvika kune chipfu uye chinotungamirirwa kune turbine.Mvura yakasara inotungamirirwa kunorasa (kazhinji jekiseni).Zvichienderana nekupisa kweiyo sosi zvinogona kugoneka kushandisa nhanho mbiri dzematangi emwenje.Muchiitiko ichi, mvura yakapatsanurwa padanho rekutanga tangi inonangidzirwa kune yechipiri nhanho flash tangi uko yakawanda (asi yakaderera kumanikidza) mutsindo wakaparadzaniswa.Mvura yakasara kubva padanho rechipiri tangi inobva yanangidzirwa kuraswa.Iyo inodaidzwa kuti kaviri flash chirimwa inoburitsa chiutsi pamadzvinyiriro maviri akasiyana kune turbine.Zvakare, rudzi urwu rwechirimwa harugoni kushandiswa kune yakaderera-kupisa zviwanikwa.
Mhando yechitatu ye geothermal power plant inonzi iyo binary plant.Iro zita rinobva pachokwadi chekuti chechipiri chemvura mumhepo yakavharwa inoshandiswa kushandisa turbine kwete geothermal steam.Mufananidzo 1 unopa dhayagiramu yakareruka yebinary type geothermal plant.Geothermal fluid inopfuudzwa nemuchina wekupisa unonzi bhailer kana vaporizer (mune zvimwe zvidyarwa, zviviri zvinochinja kupisa zvakatevedzana, yekutanga preheater uye yechipiri vaporizer) uko kupisa kuri mumvura yegeothermal kunoendeswa kune mvura inoshanda zvichiita kuti ivirise. .Zvakapfuura zvinwiwa zvekushanda mune yakaderera tembiricha mabhinari zvirimwa aive CFC (Freon type) refrigerants.Michina yazvino inoshandisa mahydrocarbon (isobutane, pentane etc) emhando yeHFC mafiriji ane mvura yakasarudzwa kuti ienderane nekupisa kwegeothermal resource.
Mufananidzo 1. Binary geothermal power plant
Iyo inoshanda yemvura vapor inopfuudzwa kune turbine uko simba rayo rinoshandurwa kuita mechanical simba uye rinounzwa, kuburikidza neshaft kune jenareta.Mhepo inobuda muturbine ichienda kucondenser kwainoshandurwa ichidzokera kumvura.Muzvirimwa zvakawanda, mvura inotonhorera inotenderedzwa pakati pecondenser neshongwe inotonhorera kuramba kupisa uku kumhepo.Imwe nzira ndeye kushandisa inonzi "dry coolers" kana air cooled condensers inoramba kupisa zvakananga kumhepo pasina kudiwa kwemvura inotonhorera.Iyi dhizaini inobvisa chero kushandiswa kwemvura nechirimwa pakutonhodza.Dry kutonhodza, nekuti inoshanda patembiricha yepamusoro (kunyanya mumwaka wezhizha wakakosha) kupfuura shongwe dzekutonhodza dzinokonzera kuderera kwechirimwa.Liquid inoshanda fluid kubva mucondenser inopombwa ichidzokera kune yepamusoro pressure preheater/vaporizer nepombi yekudyisa kudzokorora kutenderera.
Iyo binary cycle ndiyo mhando yechirimwa iyo yaizoshandiswa kune yakaderera tembiricha geothermal application.Parizvino, off-the-sherufu mabhinari michina inowanikwa mumamodule e200 kusvika 1,000 kW.
SIMBA KURIMA FUNDAMENTALS
Power Plant Zvikamu
Maitiro ekugadzira magetsi kubva kune yakaderera tembiricha geothermal kupisa sosi (kana kubva muutsi mune yakajairwa magetsi chirimwa) inosanganisira maitiro mainjiniya anoreva seRankine Cycle.Muchigadzirwa chemagetsi chakajairika, kutenderera, sekuratidzwa mumufananidzo 1, kunosanganisira bhailer, turbine, jenareta, condenser, pombi yemvura yekudyisa, shongwe yekutonhodza uye pombi yemvura inotonhorera.Steam inogadzirwa mubhailer nekupisa mafuta (marasha, mafuta, gasi kana uranium).Utsi hunopfuudzwa kuturbine uko, mukuwedzera uchipesana nemablades eturbine, simba rekupisa mumhepo rinoshandurwa kuita simba remuchina rinokonzera kutenderera kweturbine.Iyi mechanical motion inotamiswa, kuburikidza neshaft kune jenareta iyo inoshandurwa kuva simba remagetsi.Mushure mekupfuura nemu turbine chiutsi chinoshandurwa kudzokera kumvura yemvura mucondenser yemagetsi emagetsi.Kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, kupisa kusina kushandiswa ne turbine kunosunungurwa kumvura inotonhorera.Mvura inotonhorera, inounzwa kune inotonhorera shongwe apo "tsvina kupisa" kubva kutenderera inorambwa kumhepo.Steam condensate inounzwa kune bhailer nepombi yekudyisa kudzokorora maitiro.
Muchidimbu, simiti yemagetsi inongova kutenderera kunofambisa kutendeuka kwesimba kubva kune imwe fomu kuenda kune imwe.Muchiitiko ichi simba remakemikari mumafuta rinoshandurwa kuti rive kupisa (pabhaira), uyezve kumagetsi emagetsi (mu turbine) uye pakupedzisira kune simba remagetsi (mu generator).Kunyangwe simba remukati wechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, magetsi, anowanzo kuratidzwa mumayuniti ewatts-maawa kana kilowatt-maawa (1000 watt-maawa kana 1kW-hr), kuverenga kwekuita kwechirimwa kunowanzoitwa muzvikamu zveBTU's.Zviri nyore kuyeuka kuti 1 kilowatt-awa ndiyo simba rakaenzana ne3413 BTU.Chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha pamusoro pechirimwa chemagetsi ndechekuti ingani simba rekuisa (mafuta) rinodiwa kugadzira yakapihwa magetsi kubuda.
Subsea Umbilicals
Main Mabasa
Ipa hydraulic simba kune subsea control system, sekuvhura / kuvhara mavharuvhu
Ipa simba remagetsi uye zviratidzo zvekutonga kune subsea control systems
Nunura makemikari ekugadzira ejekiseni repasi pegungwa pamuti kana mugomba
Kuendesa gasi rekusimudza gasi kushanda
Kuendesa izvi basa, yakadzika mvura umbilical inogona kusanganisira
Makemikari injection tubes
Hydraulic inopa machubhu
Magetsi ekudzora chiratidzo tambo
Magetsi Power cables
Fiber optic chiratidzo
Machubhu makuru ekusimudza gasi
A subsea umbilical igungano re hydraulic hoses rinogonawo kusanganisira tambo dzemagetsi kana optic fibres, dzinoshandiswa kudzora zvimiro zvepasi pegungwa kubva papuratifomu yekumahombekombe kana chikepe chinoyangarara.Icho chikamu chakakosha che subsea yekugadzira sisitimu, pasina iyo inosimudzira hupfumi subsea petroleum kugadzirwa hazvigoneke.
Zvikamu Zvikuru
Pamusoro peUmbilical Termination Assembly (TUTA)
Iyo Topside Umbilical Termination Assembly (TUTA) inopa kuwirirana pakati peguvhu guru uye pamusoro pekutonga midziyo.Iyo unit ndeye yakasununguka yakamira yakavharirwa iyo inogona kubhaudhiwa kana kuti welded munzvimbo iri padyo neumbilical hang-off munzvimbo ine njodzi iri pachena iri pamusoro penzvimbo yepamusoro.Aya mayunitsi anowanzo kugadzirwa-akagadzirwa kune zvinodiwa nevatengi nechinangwa che hydraulic, pneumatic, simba, chiratidzo, fiber optic, uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu.
Iyo TUTA inowanzobatanidza mabhokisi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi uye tambo dzekukurukurirana, pamwe nebasa rechubhu, geji, uye block uye kubuda ropa mavharuvhu eiyo yakakodzera hydraulic uye makemikari zvinhu.
(Subsea) Umbilical Termination Assembly (UTA)
UTA, yakagara pamusoro pedhaka, i-multi-plexed electro-hydraulic system inobvumira akawanda subsea control modules kuti abatanidzwe kune imwechete yekutaurirana, magetsi uye hydraulic supply lines.Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuti matsime mazhinji anogona kudzorwa kuburikidza neruvhu rimwe.Kubva kuUTA, kubatanidzwa kumatsime ega uye maSCM anogadzirwa nemajumper magungano.
Steel Flying Leads (SFL)
Kubhururuka kunotungamira kunopa magetsi / hydraulic / chemikemikari kubatana kubva kuUTA kune imwe neimwe miti / kutonga pods.Ivo chikamu cheiyo subsea yekugovera sisitimu iyo inogovera umbilical functionalities kune yavo yavanoda sevhisi zvinangwa.Iwo anowanzo kuiswa mushure membilical uye akabatanidzwa neROV.
Umbilical Materials
Zvichienderana nemhando dzekushandisa, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinowanzo kuwanikwa:
Thermoplastic
Pros: Yakachipa, inokurumidza kuburitsa, uye inoshingirira kuneta
Cons: Haikodzeri mvura yakadzika;makemikari kuenderana dambudziko;kuchembera, etc.
Zinc yakavharwa Nitronic 19D duplex simbi isina tsvina
Zvazvakanakira:
Mutengo wakaderera uchienzaniswa ne super duplex simbi isina tsvina (SDSS)
Kusimba kwegoho repamusoro zvichienzaniswa ne316L
Internal corrosion resistance
Inoenderana ne hydraulic uye yakawanda makemikari jekiseni sevhisi
Wakakodzera kushanda nesimba
Cons:
Kudzivirirwa kwekunze kwekuora kunodiwa - extruded zinc
Kunetsekana nezve kuvimbika kweseam welds mune mamwe saizi
Machubhu anorema uye akakura kupfuura akaenzana SDSS - kurembera uye kuisa kunetseka
Stainless Simbi 316L
Zvazvakanakira:
Mutengo wakaderera
Inoda kuchengetedzwa kushoma kana kusave nekathodic kwenguva pfupi
Simba regoho rakaderera
Kukwikwidza ne thermoplastic kune yakaderera kudzvanywa, isina kudzika mvura tiebacks - yakachipa yehupenyu hupfupi hwemunda
Cons:
Haakodzeri kushanda nesimba
chloride pitting inobatwa
Super Duplex Stainless Simbi (Pitting Resistance Yakaenzana - PRE> 40)
Zvazvakanakira:
Kusimba kwepamusoro kunoreva dhayamita diki, huremu hureru hwekuisa nekurembera.
Kunyanya kupikisa kushushikana kwekuparara kwekupwanya munzvimbo dzechloride (pitting resistance yakaenzana> 40) zvinoreva kuti hapana coating kana CP inodiwa.
Extrusion process inoreva kuti hapana chakaoma-kutarisa-seam welds.
Cons:
Inter-metallic phase (sigma) kuumbwa panguva yekugadzira uye welding inofanira kudzorwa.
Mutengo wepamusoro, nguva refu yekutungamira yesimbi inoshandiswa kune umbilical chubhu
Zinc yakavharwa kabhoni simbi (ZCCS)
Zvazvakanakira:
Mutengo wakaderera unoenderana neSDSS
Wakakodzera kushanda nesimba
Cons:
Musono wakasungwa
Zvishoma Mukati corrosion kuramba pane 19D
Inorema uye yakakura dhayamita zvichienzaniswa neSDSS
Umbilical commissioning
Ichangobva kuisirwa umbilicals kazhinji ine zvinwiwa zvekuchengetedza mazviri.Mvura yekuchengetera inofanirwa kutamiswa kunze neyakagadzirirwa zvigadzirwa zvisati zvashandiswa mukugadzira.Chengetedzo dzinofanirwa kutorwa kuti dzitarise matambudziko anogona kusapindirana anogona kukonzera kunaya kwemvura uye kukonzeresa kuti umbilical tubes ibatike.Iyo chaiyo buffer fluid inodiwa kana kusawirirana kuchitarisirwa.Semuyenzaniso, kumisikidza asphaltene inhibitor mutsetse, mutual solvent seEGMBE inodiwa kuti ipe buffer pakati peasphaltene inhibitor uye mvura yekuchengetera sezvo zvisingawirirane.